Viruses would induce metastasis

MADRID (EFE).— An international study revealed that infections such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2 can activate dormant breast cancer cells in the lungs, facilitating the development of metastatic tumors.

This research, published in Nature, delves into the connection between infectious diseases and cancer progression.

The work in mice was led by scientists from the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands, who also analyzed human data.

“Our findings indicate that people with a history of cancer may benefit from taking precautions against respiratory viruses, such as getting vaccinated when possible,” said Julio Aguirre-Ghiso, co-director of the study.

Breast cancer, the most common cancer diagnosed in women, can leave disseminated cells in a dormant state after an apparent remission. These cells can remain dormant for years until a stimulus, such as a viral infection, reactivates them and causes a relapse.

“Dormant cancer cells are like the embers left behind in an abandoned campfire, and respiratory viruses are like a strong wind that rekindles the flames,” explained James DeGregori, another leader of the new research.

By exposing mice to influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2, scientists observed a massive expansion of metastatic cells in the lungs within days and the appearance of lesions within just two weeks. The researchers emphasize that this reactivation is due to the action of a protein released by the immune system.

“The awakening of dormant cancer cells is driven by interleukin-6 (IL-6),” the study details.

The protein, released by immune cells in response to infections, may be key to the phenomenon. “The identification of IL-6 as a key mediator suggests that the use of IL-6 inhibitors or other immunotherapies could prevent or reduce the resurgence of metastasis,” said Aguirre-Ghiso.

To reinforce their conclusions, the team analyzed data from 4,837 people in the UK Biobank and nearly 37,000 breast cancer patients registered at Flatiron Health in the United States. In both cases, they found a direct association between respiratory infections and the development of metastasis.

The British biobank found that patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 had twice the rate of cancer-related deaths compared to those who were not infected.

The US analysis found a more than 40% increased risk of metastatic lung disease following a viral infection.

The results reinforce the importance of preventing respiratory infections, especially in people with a history of cancer. "These findings reveal how respiratory viruses can increase the risk of cancer recurrence," the article emphasizes, also highlighting the need to implement prevention and treatment strategies.

The research suggests a more comprehensive approach to cancer treatment, one that includes protection against common viruses. "It's not just about attacking tumor cells, but also about anticipating the factors that can trigger them," the study authors conclude.

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