Why does polycystic ovary syndrome occur?

One of the most common hormonal disorders in women of reproductive age is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Estimates calculate that Up to 26% of the female population has it, although it is often not diagnosed in a timely manner. , says Dr. Graciela Noren Madrigal, gynecologist and obstetrician at ABC Medical Center.

It is characterized by an imbalance between several key hormones in the body, including luteinizing hormone (LH), androgens, and insulin. The effects this can have on the body vary from woman to woman. , which has led to the classification of different phenotypes or forms of presentation .

The origin of this syndrome is complex; although it is true that There is a hereditary component, and lifestyle habits, the metabolic environment and the age of the person who develops it also have an important influence. .

Dr. Noren comments that every day more cases are seen in adolescents, from 17 or 18 years old, and this It is usually related to factors such as obesity, sedentary lifestyle and a diet rich in sugars .

Among the central elements for the development of polycystic ovary is insulin resistance. , a condition in which the body needs to produce more insulin than normal to maintain adequate glucose levels. This disorder, although not required for diagnosis, occurs in more than 50% of women with PCOS . Insulin resistance is associated with increased production of androgens, male hormones, which can trigger symptoms such as facial hair, acne, and menstrual cycle disturbances .

Another essential factor is the elevation of luteinizing hormone (LH). High levels disrupt the balance with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), preventing the normal maturation of ovarian follicles and hindering ovulation . As a result, small follicles accumulate in the ovaries, which can be seen on ultrasound but do not represent cysts in the traditional sense.

Additionally, there are genetic factors . If a woman has a family history of polycystic ovary syndrome, is overweight or obese, has type 2 diabetes, or if her mother had gestational diabetes during pregnancy, she is more likely to develop this condition. However, having a predisposition doesn't necessarily mean it will develop, especially if healthy habits are maintained from an early age.

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