Polish psychologist wins Ig Nobel Prize for researching the effects of praising the intelligence of narcissists

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Polish psychologist wins Ig Nobel Prize for researching the effects of praising the intelligence of narcissists

Polish psychologist wins Ig Nobel Prize for researching the effects of praising the intelligence of narcissists

Polish psychologist Professor Marcin Zajenkowski received an Ig Nobel Prize on Thursday for his research on what happens when narcissistic individuals are told they are intelligent. The scientist from the University of Warsaw won one of 10 awards this year for research that is both humorous and thought-provoking.

Zajenkowski, a professor of psychology at the University of Warsaw, received the award in the psychology category along with co-author Gilles Gignak of the University of Western Australia. The jury recognized them for their work, "Telling People They Are Intelligent Is Correlated with a Sense of Narcissistic Uniqueness." Research has shown that praising someone's IQ positively affects their self-assessment of intelligence and uniqueness, while negative feedback about someone's IQ lowers these parameters.

While accepting a statuette depicting a human stomach with human faces (this year's awards theme is digestion), the scientists conducted a humorous experiment in the audience to show that telling people they are intelligent affects their narcissism quotient.

The Polish-Australian duo was one of ten IgNobel laureates, organized by the scientific journal "Annals of Improbable Research" since 1991. This satirical award recognizes authors of research that "first makes you laugh, then makes you think." Alongside the statuette, the laureates received "a piece of paper saying they won" instead of the 10 trillion Zimbabwean dollar banknote awarded in previous editions (the reason was inflation).

Other award winners include American Dr. William Bean (literature) for his study on the growth of fingernails, a team of scientists from France, Nigeria and Togo for investigating how a certain type of agamas (lizards) chooses to eat a certain type of pizza (nutrition science), Americans Julie Menella and Gary Beauchamp for their research on how breastfed babies feel when their mother eats garlic, and a team from Japan investigating whether cows painted with zebra prints can avoid fly bites.

The Peace Prize was awarded to scientists from the Netherlands who demonstrated that alcohol consumption can sometimes positively impact the ability to speak a foreign language. Italian, German, Spanish, and Austrian physicists were recognized for their research on the changes in the state of matter during cooking of cacio e pepe pasta (with cheese and pepper) and the formation of lumps in the sauce. The Aviation Prize was awarded to an international team investigating the effects of alcohol consumption on the flight and echolocation abilities of bats.

During a ceremony on the Boston University campus, the awards were presented to the laureates by living Nobel laureates in economics, medicine, chemistry, and physics, including the 2022 laureate, Swedish biologist Svante Paabo, and American economist Robert Merton. The ceremony was punctuated by musical performances, including those on indigestion and vegetarianism, paper airplanes being thrown onto the stage, and lectures in which scientists had to technically summarize their research in 24 seconds and explain it colloquially in seven words.

From Washington, Oskar Górzyński (PAP)

osk/

Page 2

Polish psychologist Professor Marcin Zajenkowski received an Ig Nobel Prize on Thursday for his research on what happens when narcissistic individuals are told they are intelligent. The scientist from the University of Warsaw won one of 10 awards this year for research that is both humorous and thought-provoking.

Zajenkowski, a professor of psychology at the University of Warsaw, received the award in the psychology category along with co-author Gilles Gignak of the University of Western Australia. The jury recognized them for their work, "Telling People They Are Intelligent Is Correlated with a Sense of Narcissistic Uniqueness." Research has shown that praising someone's IQ positively affects their self-assessment of intelligence and uniqueness, while negative feedback about someone's IQ lowers these parameters.

While accepting a statuette depicting a human stomach with human faces (this year's awards theme is digestion), the scientists conducted a humorous experiment in the audience to show that telling people they are intelligent affects their narcissism quotient.

The Polish-Australian duo was one of ten IgNobel laureates, organized by the scientific journal "Annals of Improbable Research" since 1991. This satirical award recognizes authors of research that "first makes you laugh, then makes you think." Alongside the statuette, the laureates received "a piece of paper saying they won" instead of the 10 trillion Zimbabwean dollar banknote awarded in previous editions (the reason was inflation).

Other award winners include American Dr. William Bean (literature) for his study on the growth of fingernails, a team of scientists from France, Nigeria and Togo for investigating how a certain type of agamas (lizards) chooses to eat a certain type of pizza (nutrition science), Americans Julie Menella and Gary Beauchamp for their research on how breastfed babies feel when their mother eats garlic, and a team from Japan investigating whether cows painted with zebra prints can avoid fly bites.

The Peace Prize was awarded to scientists from the Netherlands who demonstrated that alcohol consumption can sometimes positively impact the ability to speak a foreign language. Italian, German, Spanish, and Austrian physicists were recognized for their research on the changes in the state of matter during cooking of cacio e pepe pasta (with cheese and pepper) and the formation of lumps in the sauce. The Aviation Prize was awarded to an international team investigating the effects of alcohol consumption on the flight and echolocation abilities of bats.

During a ceremony on the Boston University campus, the awards were presented to the laureates by living Nobel laureates in economics, medicine, chemistry, and physics, including the 2022 laureate, Swedish biologist Svante Paabo, and American economist Robert Merton. The ceremony was punctuated by musical performances, including those on indigestion and vegetarianism, paper airplanes being thrown onto the stage, and lectures in which scientists had to technically summarize their research in 24 seconds and explain it colloquially in seven words.

From Washington, Oskar Górzyński (PAP)

osk/

Page 3

Polish psychologist Professor Marcin Zajenkowski received an Ig Nobel Prize on Thursday for his research on what happens when narcissistic individuals are told they are intelligent. The scientist from the University of Warsaw won one of 10 awards this year for research that is both humorous and thought-provoking.

Zajenkowski, a professor of psychology at the University of Warsaw, received the award in the psychology category along with co-author Gilles Gignak of the University of Western Australia. The jury recognized them for their work, "Telling People They Are Intelligent Is Correlated with a Sense of Narcissistic Uniqueness." Research has shown that praising someone's IQ positively affects their self-assessment of intelligence and uniqueness, while negative feedback about someone's IQ lowers these parameters.

While accepting a statuette depicting a human stomach with human faces (this year's awards theme is digestion), the scientists conducted a humorous experiment in the audience to show that telling people they are intelligent affects their narcissism quotient.

The Polish-Australian duo was one of ten IgNobel laureates, organized by the scientific journal "Annals of Improbable Research" since 1991. This satirical award recognizes authors of research that "first makes you laugh, then makes you think." Alongside the statuette, the laureates received "a piece of paper saying they won" instead of the 10 trillion Zimbabwean dollar banknote awarded in previous editions (the reason was inflation).

Other award winners include American Dr. William Bean (literature) for his study on the growth of fingernails, a team of scientists from France, Nigeria and Togo for investigating how a certain type of agamas (lizards) chooses to eat a certain type of pizza (nutrition science), Americans Julie Menella and Gary Beauchamp for their research on how breastfed babies feel when their mother eats garlic, and a team from Japan investigating whether cows painted with zebra prints can avoid fly bites.

The Peace Prize was awarded to scientists from the Netherlands who demonstrated that alcohol consumption can sometimes positively impact the ability to speak a foreign language. Italian, German, Spanish, and Austrian physicists were recognized for their research on the changes in the state of matter during cooking of cacio e pepe pasta (with cheese and pepper) and the formation of lumps in the sauce. The Aviation Prize was awarded to an international team investigating the effects of alcohol consumption on the flight and echolocation abilities of bats.

During a ceremony on the Boston University campus, the awards were presented to the laureates by living Nobel laureates in economics, medicine, chemistry, and physics, including the 2022 laureate, Swedish biologist Svante Paabo, and American economist Robert Merton. The ceremony was punctuated by musical performances, including those on indigestion and vegetarianism, paper airplanes being thrown onto the stage, and lectures in which scientists had to technically summarize their research in 24 seconds and explain it colloquially in seven words.

From Washington, Oskar Górzyński (PAP)

osk/

Page 4

Polish psychologist Professor Marcin Zajenkowski received an Ig Nobel Prize on Thursday for his research on what happens when narcissistic individuals are told they are intelligent. The scientist from the University of Warsaw won one of 10 awards this year for research that is both humorous and thought-provoking.

Zajenkowski, a professor of psychology at the University of Warsaw, received the award in the psychology category along with co-author Gilles Gignak of the University of Western Australia. The jury recognized them for their work, "Telling People They Are Intelligent Is Correlated with a Sense of Narcissistic Uniqueness." Research has shown that praising someone's IQ positively affects their self-assessment of intelligence and uniqueness, while negative feedback about someone's IQ lowers these parameters.

While accepting a statuette depicting a human stomach with human faces (this year's awards theme is digestion), the scientists conducted a humorous experiment in the audience to show that telling people they are intelligent affects their narcissism quotient.

The Polish-Australian duo was one of ten IgNobel laureates, organized by the scientific journal "Annals of Improbable Research" since 1991. This satirical award recognizes authors of research that "first makes you laugh, then makes you think." Alongside the statuette, the laureates received "a piece of paper saying they won" instead of the 10 trillion Zimbabwean dollar banknote awarded in previous editions (the reason was inflation).

Other award winners include American Dr. William Bean (literature) for his study on the growth of fingernails, a team of scientists from France, Nigeria and Togo for investigating how a certain type of agamas (lizards) chooses to eat a certain type of pizza (nutrition science), Americans Julie Menella and Gary Beauchamp for their research on how breastfed babies feel when their mother eats garlic, and a team from Japan investigating whether cows painted with zebra prints can avoid fly bites.

The Peace Prize was awarded to scientists from the Netherlands who demonstrated that alcohol consumption can sometimes positively impact the ability to speak a foreign language. Italian, German, Spanish, and Austrian physicists were recognized for their research on the changes in the state of matter during cooking of cacio e pepe pasta (with cheese and pepper) and the formation of lumps in the sauce. The Aviation Prize was awarded to an international team investigating the effects of alcohol consumption on the flight and echolocation abilities of bats.

During a ceremony on the Boston University campus, the awards were presented to the laureates by living Nobel laureates in economics, medicine, chemistry, and physics, including the 2022 laureate, Swedish biologist Svante Paabo, and American economist Robert Merton. The ceremony was punctuated by musical performances, including those on indigestion and vegetarianism, paper airplanes being thrown onto the stage, and lectures in which scientists had to technically summarize their research in 24 seconds and explain it colloquially in seven words.

From Washington, Oskar Górzyński (PAP)

osk/

Page 5

Polish psychologist Professor Marcin Zajenkowski received an Ig Nobel Prize on Thursday for his research on what happens when narcissistic individuals are told they are intelligent. The scientist from the University of Warsaw won one of 10 awards this year for research that is both humorous and thought-provoking.

Zajenkowski, a professor of psychology at the University of Warsaw, received the award in the psychology category along with co-author Gilles Gignak of the University of Western Australia. The jury recognized them for their work, "Telling People They Are Intelligent Is Correlated with a Sense of Narcissistic Uniqueness." Research has shown that praising someone's IQ positively affects their self-assessment of intelligence and uniqueness, while negative feedback about someone's IQ lowers these parameters.

While accepting a statuette depicting a human stomach with human faces (this year's awards theme is digestion), the scientists conducted a humorous experiment in the audience to show that telling people they are intelligent affects their narcissism quotient.

The Polish-Australian duo was one of ten IgNobel laureates, organized by the scientific journal "Annals of Improbable Research" since 1991. This satirical award recognizes authors of research that "first makes you laugh, then makes you think." Alongside the statuette, the laureates received "a piece of paper saying they won" instead of the 10 trillion Zimbabwean dollar banknote awarded in previous editions (the reason was inflation).

Other award winners include American Dr. William Bean (literature) for his study on the growth of fingernails, a team of scientists from France, Nigeria and Togo for investigating how a certain type of agamas (lizards) chooses to eat a certain type of pizza (nutrition science), Americans Julie Menella and Gary Beauchamp for their research on how breastfed babies feel when their mother eats garlic, and a team from Japan investigating whether cows painted with zebra prints can avoid fly bites.

The Peace Prize was awarded to scientists from the Netherlands who demonstrated that alcohol consumption can sometimes positively impact the ability to speak a foreign language. Italian, German, Spanish, and Austrian physicists were recognized for their research on the changes in the state of matter during cooking of cacio e pepe pasta (with cheese and pepper) and the formation of lumps in the sauce. The Aviation Prize was awarded to an international team investigating the effects of alcohol consumption on the flight and echolocation abilities of bats.

During a ceremony on the Boston University campus, the awards were presented to the laureates by living Nobel laureates in economics, medicine, chemistry, and physics, including the 2022 laureate, Swedish biologist Svante Paabo, and American economist Robert Merton. The ceremony was punctuated by musical performances, including those on indigestion and vegetarianism, paper airplanes being thrown onto the stage, and lectures in which scientists had to technically summarize their research in 24 seconds and explain it colloquially in seven words.

From Washington, Oskar Górzyński (PAP)

osk/

Page 6

Polish psychologist Professor Marcin Zajenkowski received an Ig Nobel Prize on Thursday for his research on what happens when narcissistic individuals are told they are intelligent. The scientist from the University of Warsaw won one of 10 awards this year for research that is both humorous and thought-provoking.

Zajenkowski, a professor of psychology at the University of Warsaw, received the award in the psychology category along with co-author Gilles Gignak of the University of Western Australia. The jury recognized them for their work, "Telling People They Are Intelligent Is Correlated with a Sense of Narcissistic Uniqueness." Research has shown that praising someone's IQ positively affects their self-assessment of intelligence and uniqueness, while negative feedback about someone's IQ lowers these parameters.

While accepting a statuette depicting a human stomach with human faces (this year's awards theme is digestion), the scientists conducted a humorous experiment in the audience to show that telling people they are intelligent affects their narcissism quotient.

The Polish-Australian duo was one of ten IgNobel laureates, organized by the scientific journal "Annals of Improbable Research" since 1991. This satirical award recognizes authors of research that "first makes you laugh, then makes you think." Alongside the statuette, the laureates received "a piece of paper saying they won" instead of the 10 trillion Zimbabwean dollar banknote awarded in previous editions (the reason was inflation).

Other award winners include American Dr. William Bean (literature) for his study on the growth of fingernails, a team of scientists from France, Nigeria and Togo for investigating how a certain type of agamas (lizards) chooses to eat a certain type of pizza (nutrition science), Americans Julie Menella and Gary Beauchamp for their research on how breastfed babies feel when their mother eats garlic, and a team from Japan investigating whether cows painted with zebra prints can avoid fly bites.

The Peace Prize was awarded to scientists from the Netherlands who demonstrated that alcohol consumption can sometimes positively impact the ability to speak a foreign language. Italian, German, Spanish, and Austrian physicists were recognized for their research on the changes in the state of matter during cooking of cacio e pepe pasta (with cheese and pepper) and the formation of lumps in the sauce. The Aviation Prize was awarded to an international team investigating the effects of alcohol consumption on the flight and echolocation abilities of bats.

During a ceremony on the Boston University campus, the awards were presented to the laureates by living Nobel laureates in economics, medicine, chemistry, and physics, including the 2022 laureate, Swedish biologist Svante Paabo, and American economist Robert Merton. The ceremony was punctuated by musical performances, including those on indigestion and vegetarianism, paper airplanes being thrown onto the stage, and lectures in which scientists had to technically summarize their research in 24 seconds and explain it colloquially in seven words.

From Washington, Oskar Górzyński (PAP)

osk/

Page 7

Polish psychologist Professor Marcin Zajenkowski received an Ig Nobel Prize on Thursday for his research on what happens when narcissistic individuals are told they are intelligent. The scientist from the University of Warsaw won one of 10 awards this year for research that is both humorous and thought-provoking.

Zajenkowski, a professor of psychology at the University of Warsaw, received the award in the psychology category along with co-author Gilles Gignak of the University of Western Australia. The jury recognized them for their work, "Telling People They Are Intelligent Is Correlated with a Sense of Narcissistic Uniqueness." Research has shown that praising someone's IQ positively affects their self-assessment of intelligence and uniqueness, while negative feedback about someone's IQ lowers these parameters.

While accepting a statuette depicting a human stomach with human faces (this year's awards theme is digestion), the scientists conducted a humorous experiment in the audience to show that telling people they are intelligent affects their narcissism quotient.

The Polish-Australian duo was one of ten IgNobel laureates, organized by the scientific journal "Annals of Improbable Research" since 1991. This satirical award recognizes authors of research that "first makes you laugh, then makes you think." Alongside the statuette, the laureates received "a piece of paper saying they won" instead of the 10 trillion Zimbabwean dollar banknote awarded in previous editions (the reason was inflation).

Other award winners include American Dr. William Bean (literature) for his study on the growth of fingernails, a team of scientists from France, Nigeria and Togo for investigating how a certain type of agamas (lizards) chooses to eat a certain type of pizza (nutrition science), Americans Julie Menella and Gary Beauchamp for their research on how breastfed babies feel when their mother eats garlic, and a team from Japan investigating whether cows painted with zebra prints can avoid fly bites.

The Peace Prize was awarded to scientists from the Netherlands who demonstrated that alcohol consumption can sometimes positively impact the ability to speak a foreign language. Italian, German, Spanish, and Austrian physicists were recognized for their research on the changes in the state of matter during cooking of cacio e pepe pasta (with cheese and pepper) and the formation of lumps in the sauce. The Aviation Prize was awarded to an international team investigating the effects of alcohol consumption on the flight and echolocation abilities of bats.

During a ceremony on the Boston University campus, the awards were presented to the laureates by living Nobel laureates in economics, medicine, chemistry, and physics, including the 2022 laureate, Swedish biologist Svante Paabo, and American economist Robert Merton. The ceremony was punctuated by musical performances, including those on indigestion and vegetarianism, paper airplanes being thrown onto the stage, and lectures in which scientists had to technically summarize their research in 24 seconds and explain it colloquially in seven words.

From Washington, Oskar Górzyński (PAP)

osk/

Page 8

Polish psychologist Professor Marcin Zajenkowski received an Ig Nobel Prize on Thursday for his research on what happens when narcissistic individuals are told they are intelligent. The scientist from the University of Warsaw won one of 10 awards this year for research that is both humorous and thought-provoking.

Zajenkowski, a professor of psychology at the University of Warsaw, received the award in the psychology category along with co-author Gilles Gignak of the University of Western Australia. The jury recognized them for their work, "Telling People They Are Intelligent Is Correlated with a Sense of Narcissistic Uniqueness." Research has shown that praising someone's IQ positively affects their self-assessment of intelligence and uniqueness, while negative feedback about someone's IQ lowers these parameters.

While accepting a statuette depicting a human stomach with human faces (this year's awards theme is digestion), the scientists conducted a humorous experiment in the audience to show that telling people they are intelligent affects their narcissism quotient.

The Polish-Australian duo was one of ten IgNobel laureates, organized by the scientific journal "Annals of Improbable Research" since 1991. This satirical award recognizes authors of research that "first makes you laugh, then makes you think." Alongside the statuette, the laureates received "a piece of paper saying they won" instead of the 10 trillion Zimbabwean dollar banknote awarded in previous editions (the reason was inflation).

Other award winners include American Dr. William Bean (literature) for his study on the growth of fingernails, a team of scientists from France, Nigeria and Togo for investigating how a certain type of agamas (lizards) chooses to eat a certain type of pizza (nutrition science), Americans Julie Menella and Gary Beauchamp for their research on how breastfed babies feel when their mother eats garlic, and a team from Japan investigating whether cows painted with zebra prints can avoid fly bites.

The Peace Prize was awarded to scientists from the Netherlands who demonstrated that alcohol consumption can sometimes positively impact the ability to speak a foreign language. Italian, German, Spanish, and Austrian physicists were recognized for their research on the changes in the state of matter during cooking of cacio e pepe pasta (with cheese and pepper) and the formation of lumps in the sauce. The Aviation Prize was awarded to an international team investigating the effects of alcohol consumption on the flight and echolocation abilities of bats.

During a ceremony on the Boston University campus, the awards were presented to the laureates by living Nobel laureates in economics, medicine, chemistry, and physics, including the 2022 laureate, Swedish biologist Svante Paabo, and American economist Robert Merton. The ceremony was punctuated by musical performances, including those on indigestion and vegetarianism, paper airplanes being thrown onto the stage, and lectures in which scientists had to technically summarize their research in 24 seconds and explain it colloquially in seven words.

From Washington, Oskar Górzyński (PAP)

osk/

Page 9

Polish psychologist Professor Marcin Zajenkowski received an Ig Nobel Prize on Thursday for his research on what happens when narcissistic individuals are told they are intelligent. The scientist from the University of Warsaw won one of 10 awards this year for research that is both humorous and thought-provoking.

Zajenkowski, a professor of psychology at the University of Warsaw, received the award in the psychology category along with co-author Gilles Gignak of the University of Western Australia. The jury recognized them for their work, "Telling People They Are Intelligent Is Correlated with a Sense of Narcissistic Uniqueness." Research has shown that praising someone's IQ positively affects their self-assessment of intelligence and uniqueness, while negative feedback about someone's IQ lowers these parameters.

While accepting a statuette depicting a human stomach with human faces (this year's awards theme is digestion), the scientists conducted a humorous experiment in the audience to show that telling people they are intelligent affects their narcissism quotient.

The Polish-Australian duo was one of ten IgNobel laureates, organized by the scientific journal "Annals of Improbable Research" since 1991. This satirical award recognizes authors of research that "first makes you laugh, then makes you think." Alongside the statuette, the laureates received "a piece of paper saying they won" instead of the 10 trillion Zimbabwean dollar banknote awarded in previous editions (the reason was inflation).

Other award winners include American Dr. William Bean (literature) for his study on the growth of fingernails, a team of scientists from France, Nigeria and Togo for investigating how a certain type of agamas (lizards) chooses to eat a certain type of pizza (nutrition science), Americans Julie Menella and Gary Beauchamp for their research on how breastfed babies feel when their mother eats garlic, and a team from Japan investigating whether cows painted with zebra prints can avoid fly bites.

The Peace Prize was awarded to scientists from the Netherlands who demonstrated that alcohol consumption can sometimes positively impact the ability to speak a foreign language. Italian, German, Spanish, and Austrian physicists were recognized for their research on the changes in the state of matter during cooking of cacio e pepe pasta (with cheese and pepper) and the formation of lumps in the sauce. The Aviation Prize was awarded to an international team investigating the effects of alcohol consumption on the flight and echolocation abilities of bats.

During a ceremony on the Boston University campus, the awards were presented to the laureates by living Nobel laureates in economics, medicine, chemistry, and physics, including the 2022 laureate, Swedish biologist Svante Paabo, and American economist Robert Merton. The ceremony was punctuated by musical performances, including those on indigestion and vegetarianism, paper airplanes being thrown onto the stage, and lectures in which scientists had to technically summarize their research in 24 seconds and explain it colloquially in seven words.

From Washington, Oskar Górzyński (PAP)

osk/

Page 10

Polish psychologist Professor Marcin Zajenkowski received an Ig Nobel Prize on Thursday for his research on what happens when narcissistic individuals are told they are intelligent. The scientist from the University of Warsaw won one of 10 awards this year for research that is both humorous and thought-provoking.

Zajenkowski, a professor of psychology at the University of Warsaw, received the award in the psychology category along with co-author Gilles Gignak of the University of Western Australia. The jury recognized them for their work, "Telling People They Are Intelligent Is Correlated with a Sense of Narcissistic Uniqueness." Research has shown that praising someone's IQ positively affects their self-assessment of intelligence and uniqueness, while negative feedback about someone's IQ lowers these parameters.

Accepting a statuette depicting a human stomach with human faces (this year's awards theme is digestion), scientists conducted a humorous experiment on the audience to show that telling people they are intelligent affects their narcissism quotient.

The Polish-Australian duo was one of the ten winners of the IgNobel Prize, organized by the scientific journal "Annals of Improbable Research" since 1991. This is a satirical award for authors of research that "first makes you laugh, then makes you think." Next to the statuette, the winners received a "piece of paper with the inscription that they won" instead of the 10 trillion Zimbabwe dollars banknote presented in previous editions (due to inflation).

Other awardees include: American Dr. William Bean (literature) for research on the growth of nail length, a team of scientists from France, Nigeria and Togo for examining how a certain type of agama (lizards) choose to eat a certain type of pizza (nutrition science), Americans Julie Menella and Gary Beauchamp for research on what breastfed babies feel when their mother eats garlic, or a team from Japan investigating whether cows painted with zebra paint can avoid fly bites.

The peace prize was awarded to scientists from the Netherlands who proved that alcohol consumption can sometimes have a positive effect on the ability to speak a foreign language. Italian, German, Spanish and Austrian physicists were awarded for their research on changes in the state of matter when cooking cacio e pepe pasta (with cheese and pepper) and the formation of lumps in the sauce. The aviation award was given to an international team researching the impact of alcohol consumption on bats' flight skills and echolocation.

During a ceremony on the campus of Boston University, the awards were presented to the winners by living Nobel Prize winners in the fields of economics, medicine, chemistry and physics, including: the 2022 laureate, Swedish biologist Svante Paabo, or American economist Robert Merton. The ceremony was interrupted by musical performances, including: on indigestion and vegetarianism, throwing paper airplanes on the stage, and lectures in which scientists had to technically summarize their research in 24 seconds and explain it colloquially in seven words.

From Washington Oskar Górzyński (PAP)

osk/

Page 11

Polish psychologist prof. Marcin Zajenkowski received the Ig Nobel Prize on Thursday for researching what happens when narcissistic people are told that they are intelligent. A scientist from the University of Warsaw won one of this year's 10 awards for research that makes you laugh, but also makes you think.

Zajenkowski, a professor of psychology at the University of Warsaw, received the award in the psychology category along with co-author Gilles Gignak from the University of Western Australia. The jury awarded them for their work titled: “Telling people they are intelligent is correlated with feelings of narcissistic exceptionalism.” Scientists' research has shown that praise about someone's IQ positively affects that person's self-assessment of his or her intelligence and sense of uniqueness, while negative opinions about someone's IQ lower these parameters.

Accepting a statuette depicting a human stomach with human faces (this year's awards theme is digestion), scientists conducted a humorous experiment on the audience to show that telling people they are intelligent affects their narcissism quotient.

The Polish-Australian duo was one of the ten winners of the IgNobel Prize, organized by the scientific journal "Annals of Improbable Research" since 1991. This is a satirical award for authors of research that "first makes you laugh, then makes you think." Next to the statuette, the winners received a "piece of paper with the inscription that they won" instead of the 10 trillion Zimbabwe dollars banknote presented in previous editions (due to inflation).

Other awardees include: American Dr. William Bean (literature) for research on the growth of nail length, a team of scientists from France, Nigeria and Togo for examining how a certain type of agama (lizards) choose to eat a certain type of pizza (nutrition science), Americans Julie Menella and Gary Beauchamp for research on what breastfed babies feel when their mother eats garlic, or a team from Japan investigating whether cows painted with zebra paint can avoid fly bites.

The peace prize was awarded to scientists from the Netherlands who proved that alcohol consumption can sometimes have a positive effect on the ability to speak a foreign language. Italian, German, Spanish and Austrian physicists were awarded for their research on changes in the state of matter when cooking cacio e pepe pasta (with cheese and pepper) and the formation of lumps in the sauce. The aviation award was given to an international team researching the impact of alcohol consumption on bats' flight skills and echolocation.

During a ceremony on the campus of Boston University, the awards were presented to the winners by living Nobel Prize winners in the fields of economics, medicine, chemistry and physics, including: the 2022 laureate, Swedish biologist Svante Paabo, or American economist Robert Merton. The ceremony was interrupted by musical performances, including: on indigestion and vegetarianism, throwing paper airplanes on the stage, and lectures in which scientists had to technically summarize their research in 24 seconds and explain it colloquially in seven words.

From Washington Oskar Górzyński (PAP)

osk/

Page 12

Polish psychologist prof. Marcin Zajenkowski received the Ig Nobel Prize on Thursday for researching what happens when narcissistic people are told that they are intelligent. A scientist from the University of Warsaw won one of this year's 10 awards for research that makes you laugh, but also makes you think.

Zajenkowski, a professor of psychology at the University of Warsaw, received the award in the psychology category along with co-author Gilles Gignak from the University of Western Australia. The jury awarded them for their work titled: “Telling people they are intelligent is correlated with feelings of narcissistic exceptionalism.” Scientists' research has shown that praise about someone's IQ positively affects that person's self-assessment of his or her intelligence and sense of uniqueness, while negative opinions about someone's IQ lower these parameters.

Accepting a statuette depicting a human stomach with human faces (this year's awards theme is digestion), scientists conducted a humorous experiment on the audience to show that telling people they are intelligent affects their narcissism quotient.

The Polish-Australian duo was one of the ten winners of the IgNobel Prize, organized by the scientific journal "Annals of Improbable Research" since 1991. This is a satirical award for authors of research that "first makes you laugh, then makes you think." Next to the statuette, the winners received a "piece of paper with the inscription that they won" instead of the 10 trillion Zimbabwe dollars banknote presented in previous editions (due to inflation).

Other awardees include: American Dr. William Bean (literature) for research on the growth of nail length, a team of scientists from France, Nigeria and Togo for examining how a certain type of agama (lizards) choose to eat a certain type of pizza (nutrition science), Americans Julie Menella and Gary Beauchamp for research on what breastfed babies feel when their mother eats garlic, or a team from Japan investigating whether cows painted with zebra paint can avoid fly bites.

The peace prize was awarded to scientists from the Netherlands who proved that alcohol consumption can sometimes have a positive effect on the ability to speak a foreign language. Italian, German, Spanish and Austrian physicists were awarded for their research on changes in the state of matter when cooking cacio e pepe pasta (with cheese and pepper) and the formation of lumps in the sauce. The aviation award was given to an international team researching the impact of alcohol consumption on bats' flight skills and echolocation.

During a ceremony on the campus of Boston University, the awards were presented to the winners by living Nobel Prize winners in the fields of economics, medicine, chemistry and physics, including: the 2022 laureate, Swedish biologist Svante Paabo, or American economist Robert Merton. The ceremony was interrupted by musical performances, including: on indigestion and vegetarianism, throwing paper airplanes on the stage, and lectures in which scientists had to technically summarize their research in 24 seconds and explain it colloquially in seven words.

From Washington Oskar Górzyński (PAP)

osk/

Page 13

Polish psychologist prof. Marcin Zajenkowski received the Ig Nobel Prize on Thursday for researching what happens when narcissistic people are told that they are intelligent. A scientist from the University of Warsaw won one of this year's 10 awards for research that makes you laugh, but also makes you think.

Zajenkowski, a professor of psychology at the University of Warsaw, received the award in the psychology category along with co-author Gilles Gignak from the University of Western Australia. The jury awarded them for their work titled: “Telling people they are intelligent is correlated with feelings of narcissistic exceptionalism.” Scientists' research has shown that praise about someone's IQ positively affects that person's self-assessment of his or her intelligence and sense of uniqueness, while negative opinions about someone's IQ lower these parameters.

Accepting a statuette depicting a human stomach with human faces (this year's awards theme is digestion), scientists conducted a humorous experiment on the audience to show that telling people they are intelligent affects their narcissism quotient.

The Polish-Australian duo was one of the ten winners of the IgNobel Prize, organized by the scientific journal "Annals of Improbable Research" since 1991. This is a satirical award for authors of research that "first makes you laugh, then makes you think." Next to the statuette, the winners received a "piece of paper with the inscription that they won" instead of the 10 trillion Zimbabwe dollars banknote presented in previous editions (due to inflation).

Other awardees include: American Dr. William Bean (literature) for research on the growth of nail length, a team of scientists from France, Nigeria and Togo for examining how a certain type of agama (lizards) choose to eat a certain type of pizza (nutrition science), Americans Julie Menella and Gary Beauchamp for research on what breastfed babies feel when their mother eats garlic, or a team from Japan investigating whether cows painted with zebra paint can avoid fly bites.

The peace prize was awarded to scientists from the Netherlands who proved that alcohol consumption can sometimes have a positive effect on the ability to speak a foreign language. Italian, German, Spanish and Austrian physicists were awarded for their research on changes in the state of matter when cooking cacio e pepe pasta (with cheese and pepper) and the formation of lumps in the sauce. The aviation award was given to an international team researching the impact of alcohol consumption on bats' flight skills and echolocation.

During a ceremony on the campus of Boston University, the awards were presented to the winners by living Nobel Prize winners in the fields of economics, medicine, chemistry and physics, including: the 2022 laureate, Swedish biologist Svante Paabo, or American economist Robert Merton. The ceremony was interrupted by musical performances, including: on indigestion and vegetarianism, throwing paper airplanes on the stage, and lectures in which scientists had to technically summarize their research in 24 seconds and explain it colloquially in seven words.

From Washington Oskar Górzyński (PAP)

osk/

Page 14

Polish psychologist prof. Marcin Zajenkowski received the Ig Nobel Prize on Thursday for researching what happens when narcissistic people are told that they are intelligent. A scientist from the University of Warsaw won one of this year's 10 awards for research that makes you laugh, but also makes you think.

Zajenkowski, a professor of psychology at the University of Warsaw, received the award in the psychology category along with co-author Gilles Gignak from the University of Western Australia. The jury awarded them for their work titled: “Telling people they are intelligent is correlated with feelings of narcissistic exceptionalism.” Scientists' research has shown that praise about someone's IQ positively affects that person's self-assessment of his or her intelligence and sense of uniqueness, while negative opinions about someone's IQ lower these parameters.

Accepting a statuette depicting a human stomach with human faces (this year's awards theme is digestion), scientists conducted a humorous experiment on the audience to show that telling people they are intelligent affects their narcissism quotient.

The Polish-Australian duo was one of the ten winners of the IgNobel Prize, organized by the scientific journal "Annals of Improbable Research" since 1991. This is a satirical award for authors of research that "first makes you laugh, then makes you think." Next to the statuette, the winners received a "piece of paper with the inscription that they won" instead of the 10 trillion Zimbabwe dollars banknote presented in previous editions (due to inflation).

Other awardees include: American Dr. William Bean (literature) for research on the growth of nail length, a team of scientists from France, Nigeria and Togo for examining how a certain type of agama (lizards) choose to eat a certain type of pizza (nutrition science), Americans Julie Menella and Gary Beauchamp for research on what breastfed babies feel when their mother eats garlic, or a team from Japan investigating whether cows painted with zebra paint can avoid fly bites.

The peace prize was awarded to scientists from the Netherlands who proved that alcohol consumption can sometimes have a positive effect on the ability to speak a foreign language. Italian, German, Spanish and Austrian physicists were awarded for their research on changes in the state of matter when cooking cacio e pepe pasta (with cheese and pepper) and the formation of lumps in the sauce. The aviation award was given to an international team researching the impact of alcohol consumption on bats' flight skills and echolocation.

During a ceremony on the campus of Boston University, the awards were presented to the winners by living Nobel Prize winners in the fields of economics, medicine, chemistry and physics, including: the 2022 laureate, Swedish biologist Svante Paabo, or American economist Robert Merton. The ceremony was interrupted by musical performances, including: on indigestion and vegetarianism, throwing paper airplanes on the stage, and lectures in which scientists had to technically summarize their research in 24 seconds and explain it colloquially in seven words.

From Washington Oskar Górzyński (PAP)

osk/

Page 15

Polish psychologist prof. Marcin Zajenkowski received the Ig Nobel Prize on Thursday for researching what happens when narcissistic people are told that they are intelligent. A scientist from the University of Warsaw won one of this year's 10 awards for research that makes you laugh, but also makes you think.

Zajenkowski, a professor of psychology at the University of Warsaw, received the award in the psychology category along with co-author Gilles Gignak from the University of Western Australia. The jury awarded them for their work titled: “Telling people they are intelligent is correlated with feelings of narcissistic exceptionalism.” Scientists' research has shown that praise about someone's IQ positively affects that person's self-assessment of his or her intelligence and sense of uniqueness, while negative opinions about someone's IQ lower these parameters.

Accepting a statuette depicting a human stomach with human faces (this year's awards theme is digestion), scientists conducted a humorous experiment on the audience to show that telling people they are intelligent affects their narcissism quotient.

The Polish-Australian duo was one of the ten winners of the IgNobel Prize, organized by the scientific journal "Annals of Improbable Research" since 1991. This is a satirical award for authors of research that "first makes you laugh, then makes you think." Next to the statuette, the winners received a "piece of paper with the inscription that they won" instead of the 10 trillion Zimbabwe dollars banknote presented in previous editions (due to inflation).

Other awardees include: American Dr. William Bean (literature) for research on the growth of nail length, a team of scientists from France, Nigeria and Togo for examining how a certain type of agama (lizards) choose to eat a certain type of pizza (nutrition science), Americans Julie Menella and Gary Beauchamp for research on what breastfed babies feel when their mother eats garlic, or a team from Japan investigating whether cows painted with zebra paint can avoid fly bites.

The peace prize was awarded to scientists from the Netherlands who proved that alcohol consumption can sometimes have a positive effect on the ability to speak a foreign language. Italian, German, Spanish and Austrian physicists were awarded for their research on changes in the state of matter when cooking cacio e pepe pasta (with cheese and pepper) and the formation of lumps in the sauce. The aviation award was given to an international team researching the impact of alcohol consumption on bats' flight skills and echolocation.

During a ceremony on the campus of Boston University, the awards were presented to the winners by living Nobel Prize winners in the fields of economics, medicine, chemistry and physics, including: the 2022 laureate, Swedish biologist Svante Paabo, or American economist Robert Merton. The ceremony was interrupted by musical performances, including: on indigestion and vegetarianism, throwing paper airplanes on the stage, and lectures in which scientists had to technically summarize their research in 24 seconds and explain it colloquially in seven words.

From Washington Oskar Górzyński (PAP)

osk/

Page 16

Polish psychologist prof. Marcin Zajenkowski received the Ig Nobel Prize on Thursday for researching what happens when narcissistic people are told that they are intelligent. A scientist from the University of Warsaw won one of this year's 10 awards for research that makes you laugh, but also makes you think.

Zajenkowski, a professor of psychology at the University of Warsaw, received the award in the psychology category along with co-author Gilles Gignak from the University of Western Australia. The jury awarded them for their work titled: “Telling people they are intelligent is correlated with feelings of narcissistic exceptionalism.” Scientists' research has shown that praise about someone's IQ positively affects that person's self-assessment of his or her intelligence and sense of uniqueness, while negative opinions about someone's IQ lower these parameters.

Accepting a statuette depicting a human stomach with human faces (this year's awards theme is digestion), scientists conducted a humorous experiment on the audience to show that telling people they are intelligent affects their narcissism quotient.

The Polish-Australian duo was one of the ten winners of the IgNobel Prize, organized by the scientific journal "Annals of Improbable Research" since 1991. This is a satirical award for authors of research that "first makes you laugh, then makes you think." Next to the statuette, the winners received a "piece of paper with the inscription that they won" instead of the 10 trillion Zimbabwe dollars banknote presented in previous editions (due to inflation).

Other awardees include: American Dr. William Bean (literature) for research on the growth of nail length, a team of scientists from France, Nigeria and Togo for examining how a certain type of agama (lizards) choose to eat a certain type of pizza (nutrition science), Americans Julie Menella and Gary Beauchamp for research on what breastfed babies feel when their mother eats garlic, or a team from Japan investigating whether cows painted with zebra paint can avoid fly bites.

The peace prize was awarded to scientists from the Netherlands who proved that alcohol consumption can sometimes have a positive effect on the ability to speak a foreign language. Italian, German, Spanish and Austrian physicists were awarded for their research on changes in the state of matter when cooking cacio e pepe pasta (with cheese and pepper) and the formation of lumps in the sauce. The aviation award was given to an international team researching the impact of alcohol consumption on bats' flight skills and echolocation.

During a ceremony on the campus of Boston University, the awards were presented to the winners by living Nobel Prize winners in the fields of economics, medicine, chemistry and physics, including: the 2022 laureate, Swedish biologist Svante Paabo, or American economist Robert Merton. The ceremony was interrupted by musical performances, including: on indigestion and vegetarianism, throwing paper airplanes on the stage, and lectures in which scientists had to technically summarize their research in 24 seconds and explain it colloquially in seven words.

From Washington Oskar Górzyński (PAP)

osk/

Page 17

Polish psychologist prof. Marcin Zajenkowski received the Ig Nobel Prize on Thursday for researching what happens when narcissistic people are told that they are intelligent. A scientist from the University of Warsaw won one of this year's 10 awards for research that makes you laugh, but also makes you think.

Zajenkowski, a professor of psychology at the University of Warsaw, received the award in the psychology category along with co-author Gilles Gignak from the University of Western Australia. The jury awarded them for their work titled: “Telling people they are intelligent is correlated with feelings of narcissistic exceptionalism.” Scientists' research has shown that praise about someone's IQ positively affects that person's self-assessment of his or her intelligence and sense of uniqueness, while negative opinions about someone's IQ lower these parameters.

Accepting a statuette depicting a human stomach with human faces (this year's awards theme is digestion), scientists conducted a humorous experiment on the audience to show that telling people they are intelligent affects their narcissism quotient.

The Polish-Australian duo was one of the ten winners of the IgNobel Prize, organized by the scientific journal "Annals of Improbable Research" since 1991. This is a satirical award for authors of research that "first makes you laugh, then makes you think." Next to the statuette, the winners received a "piece of paper with the inscription that they won" instead of the 10 trillion Zimbabwe dollars banknote presented in previous editions (due to inflation).

Other awardees include: American Dr. William Bean (literature) for research on the growth of nail length, a team of scientists from France, Nigeria and Togo for examining how a certain type of agama (lizards) choose to eat a certain type of pizza (nutrition science), Americans Julie Menella and Gary Beauchamp for research on what breastfed babies feel when their mother eats garlic, or a team from Japan investigating whether cows painted with zebra paint can avoid fly bites.

The peace prize was awarded to scientists from the Netherlands who proved that alcohol consumption can sometimes have a positive effect on the ability to speak a foreign language. Italian, German, Spanish and Austrian physicists were awarded for their research on changes in the state of matter when cooking cacio e pepe pasta (with cheese and pepper) and the formation of lumps in the sauce. The aviation award was given to an international team researching the impact of alcohol consumption on bats' flight skills and echolocation.

During a ceremony on the campus of Boston University, the awards were presented to the winners by living Nobel Prize winners in the fields of economics, medicine, chemistry and physics, including: the 2022 laureate, Swedish biologist Svante Paabo, or American economist Robert Merton. The ceremony was interrupted by musical performances, including: on indigestion and vegetarianism, throwing paper airplanes on the stage, and lectures in which scientists had to technically summarize their research in 24 seconds and explain it colloquially in seven words.

From Washington Oskar Górzyński (PAP)

osk/

Page 18

Polish psychologist prof. Marcin Zajenkowski received the Ig Nobel Prize on Thursday for researching what happens when narcissistic people are told that they are intelligent. A scientist from the University of Warsaw won one of this year's 10 awards for research that makes you laugh, but also makes you think.

Zajenkowski, a professor of psychology at the University of Warsaw, received the award in the psychology category along with co-author Gilles Gignak from the University of Western Australia. The jury awarded them for their work titled: “Telling people they are intelligent is correlated with feelings of narcissistic exceptionalism.” Scientists' research has shown that praise about someone's IQ positively affects that person's self-assessment of his or her intelligence and sense of uniqueness, while negative opinions about someone's IQ lower these parameters.

Accepting a statuette depicting a human stomach with human faces (this year's awards theme is digestion), scientists conducted a humorous experiment on the audience to show that telling people they are intelligent affects their narcissism quotient.

The Polish-Australian duo was one of the ten winners of the IgNobel Prize, organized by the scientific journal "Annals of Improbable Research" since 1991. This is a satirical award for authors of research that "first makes you laugh, then makes you think." Next to the statuette, the winners received a "piece of paper with the inscription that they won" instead of the 10 trillion Zimbabwe dollars banknote presented in previous editions (due to inflation).

Other awardees include: American Dr. William Bean (literature) for research on the growth of nail length, a team of scientists from France, Nigeria and Togo for examining how a certain type of agama (lizards) choose to eat a certain type of pizza (nutrition science), Americans Julie Menella and Gary Beauchamp for research on what breastfed babies feel when their mother eats garlic, or a team from Japan investigating whether cows painted with zebra paint can avoid fly bites.

The peace prize was awarded to scientists from the Netherlands who proved that alcohol consumption can sometimes have a positive effect on the ability to speak a foreign language. Italian, German, Spanish and Austrian physicists were awarded for their research on changes in the state of matter when cooking cacio e pepe pasta (with cheese and pepper) and the formation of lumps in the sauce. The aviation award was given to an international team researching the impact of alcohol consumption on bats' flight skills and echolocation.

During a ceremony on the campus of Boston University, the awards were presented to the winners by living Nobel Prize winners in the fields of economics, medicine, chemistry and physics, including: the 2022 laureate, Swedish biologist Svante Paabo, or American economist Robert Merton. The ceremony was interrupted by musical performances, including: on indigestion and vegetarianism, throwing paper airplanes on the stage, and lectures in which scientists had to technically summarize their research in 24 seconds and explain it colloquially in seven words.

From Washington Oskar Górzyński (PAP)

osk/

Page 19

Polish psychologist prof. Marcin Zajenkowski received the Ig Nobel Prize on Thursday for researching what happens when narcissistic people are told that they are intelligent. A scientist from the University of Warsaw won one of this year's 10 awards for research that makes you laugh, but also makes you think.

Zajenkowski, a professor of psychology at the University of Warsaw, received the award in the psychology category along with co-author Gilles Gignak from the University of Western Australia. The jury awarded them for their work titled: “Telling people they are intelligent is correlated with feelings of narcissistic exceptionalism.” Scientists' research has shown that praise about someone's IQ positively affects that person's self-assessment of his or her intelligence and sense of uniqueness, while negative opinions about someone's IQ lower these parameters.

Accepting a statuette depicting a human stomach with human faces (this year's awards theme is digestion), scientists conducted a humorous experiment on the audience to show that telling people they are intelligent affects their narcissism quotient.

The Polish-Australian duo was one of the ten winners of the IgNobel Prize, organized by the scientific journal "Annals of Improbable Research" since 1991. This is a satirical award for authors of research that "first makes you laugh, then makes you think." Next to the statuette, the winners received a "piece of paper with the inscription that they won" instead of the 10 trillion Zimbabwe dollars banknote presented in previous editions (due to inflation).

Other awardees include: Amerykanin dr William Bean (literatura) za badanie nad wzrostem długości paznokci, zespół naukowców z Francji, Nigerii i Togo za sprawdzanie, jak pewien rodzaj agam (jaszczurek) wybiera zjedzenie pewnego rodzaju pizzy (nauka o żywieniu), Amerykanie Julie Menella i Gary Beauchamp za badania nad tym, co odczuwają karmione piersią dzieci, kiedy ich matka je czosnek, czy zespół z Japonii badający, czy krowy pomalowane w zebrę mogą unikać ukąszeń much.

Pokojową nagrodę otrzymali naukowcy z Holandii, którzy dowiedli, że spożywanie alkoholu może czasem pozytywnie wpływać na zdolność posługiwania się obcym językiem. Włoscy, niemieccy, hiszpańscy i austriaccy fizycy zostali z kolei nagrodzeni za badania nad zmianami stanu materii przy gotowaniu makaronu cacio e pepe (z serem i pieprzem) i powstawaniem grudek w sosie. Nagrodę z kategorii lotnictwa przyznano międzynarodowemu zespołowi badającemu wpływ spożycia alkoholu na umiejętności lotu i echolokację nietoperzy.

Podczas ceremonii na kampusie Uniwersytetu Bostońskiego nagrody laureatom wręczali żyjący laureaci nagród Nobla z dziedzin ekonomii, medycyny, chemii i fizyki, w tym m.in. laureat z 2022, szwedzki biolog Svante Paabo, czy amerykański ekonomista Robert Merton. Ceremonia była przerywana występami muzycznymi, m.in. na temat niestrawności i wegetarianizmu, rzucaniem papierowych samolotów na scenę oraz wykładami, w których naukowcy musieli technicznie streścić swoje badania w 24 sekundy oraz wyjaśnić je potocznie za pomocą siedmiu słów.

Z Waszyngtonu Oskar Górzyński (PAP)

osk/

Page 20

Polski psycholog prof. Marcin Zajenkowski otrzymał w czwartek Ig Nobla za badanie tego, co się dzieje, jeśli osobom narcystycznym powie się, że są inteligentne. Naukowiec z Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego zdobył jedną z 10 tegorocznych nagród za badania, które śmieszą, ale też zmuszają do refleksji.

Zajenkowski, profesor psychologii z Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, otrzymał nagrodę w kategorii psychologii wraz ze współautorem pracy Gillesem Gignakiem z Uniwersytetu Zachodniej Australii. Jury nagrodziło ich za pracę pt. „Mówienie ludziom, że są inteligentni, jest skorelowane z poczuciem narcystycznej wyjątkowości”. Badania naukowców wykazały, że pochwały na temat czyjegoś IQ pozytywnie wpływają na samoocenę tej osoby dotyczącą jej inteligencji i poczucia własnej wyjątkowości, a negatywne opinie na temat czyjegoś IQ obniżają te parametry.

Przyjmując statuetkę przedstawiającą ludzki żołądek z ludzkimi twarzami (tegoroczny motyw przewodni nagród to trawienie), naukowcy przeprowadzili na widowni żartobliwy eksperyment, który miał pokazać, że mówienie ludziom, że są inteligentni, wpływa na ich współczynnik narcyzmu.

Polsko-australijski duet był jednym z dziesięciu laureatów IgNobla, organizowanego przez pismo naukowe „Annals of Improbable Research” („Annały Badań Nieprawdopodobnych”) od 1991 roku. To satyryczna nagroda dla autorów badań, które „najpierw śmieszą, a potem skłaniają do myślenia”. Obok statuetki nagrodzeni otrzymali „kartkę papieru z napisem, że wygrali” zamiast wręczanego w poprzednich edycjach banknotu 10 bilionów dolarów Zimbabwe (powodem była inflacja).

Inni nagrodzeni to m.in. Amerykanin dr William Bean (literatura) za badanie nad wzrostem długości paznokci, zespół naukowców z Francji, Nigerii i Togo za sprawdzanie, jak pewien rodzaj agam (jaszczurek) wybiera zjedzenie pewnego rodzaju pizzy (nauka o żywieniu), Amerykanie Julie Menella i Gary Beauchamp za badania nad tym, co odczuwają karmione piersią dzieci, kiedy ich matka je czosnek, czy zespół z Japonii badający, czy krowy pomalowane w zebrę mogą unikać ukąszeń much.

Pokojową nagrodę otrzymali naukowcy z Holandii, którzy dowiedli, że spożywanie alkoholu może czasem pozytywnie wpływać na zdolność posługiwania się obcym językiem. Włoscy, niemieccy, hiszpańscy i austriaccy fizycy zostali z kolei nagrodzeni za badania nad zmianami stanu materii przy gotowaniu makaronu cacio e pepe (z serem i pieprzem) i powstawaniem grudek w sosie. Nagrodę z kategorii lotnictwa przyznano międzynarodowemu zespołowi badającemu wpływ spożycia alkoholu na umiejętności lotu i echolokację nietoperzy.

Podczas ceremonii na kampusie Uniwersytetu Bostońskiego nagrody laureatom wręczali żyjący laureaci nagród Nobla z dziedzin ekonomii, medycyny, chemii i fizyki, w tym m.in. laureat z 2022, szwedzki biolog Svante Paabo, czy amerykański ekonomista Robert Merton. Ceremonia była przerywana występami muzycznymi, m.in. na temat niestrawności i wegetarianizmu, rzucaniem papierowych samolotów na scenę oraz wykładami, w których naukowcy musieli technicznie streścić swoje badania w 24 sekundy oraz wyjaśnić je potocznie za pomocą siedmiu słów.

Z Waszyngtonu Oskar Górzyński (PAP)

osk/

Page 21

Polski psycholog prof. Marcin Zajenkowski otrzymał w czwartek Ig Nobla za badanie tego, co się dzieje, jeśli osobom narcystycznym powie się, że są inteligentne. Naukowiec z Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego zdobył jedną z 10 tegorocznych nagród za badania, które śmieszą, ale też zmuszają do refleksji.

Zajenkowski, profesor psychologii z Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, otrzymał nagrodę w kategorii psychologii wraz ze współautorem pracy Gillesem Gignakiem z Uniwersytetu Zachodniej Australii. Jury nagrodziło ich za pracę pt. „Mówienie ludziom, że są inteligentni, jest skorelowane z poczuciem narcystycznej wyjątkowości”. Badania naukowców wykazały, że pochwały na temat czyjegoś IQ pozytywnie wpływają na samoocenę tej osoby dotyczącą jej inteligencji i poczucia własnej wyjątkowości, a negatywne opinie na temat czyjegoś IQ obniżają te parametry.

Przyjmując statuetkę przedstawiającą ludzki żołądek z ludzkimi twarzami (tegoroczny motyw przewodni nagród to trawienie), naukowcy przeprowadzili na widowni żartobliwy eksperyment, który miał pokazać, że mówienie ludziom, że są inteligentni, wpływa na ich współczynnik narcyzmu.

Polsko-australijski duet był jednym z dziesięciu laureatów IgNobla, organizowanego przez pismo naukowe „Annals of Improbable Research” („Annały Badań Nieprawdopodobnych”) od 1991 roku. To satyryczna nagroda dla autorów badań, które „najpierw śmieszą, a potem skłaniają do myślenia”. Obok statuetki nagrodzeni otrzymali „kartkę papieru z napisem, że wygrali” zamiast wręczanego w poprzednich edycjach banknotu 10 bilionów dolarów Zimbabwe (powodem była inflacja).

Inni nagrodzeni to m.in. Amerykanin dr William Bean (literatura) za badanie nad wzrostem długości paznokci, zespół naukowców z Francji, Nigerii i Togo za sprawdzanie, jak pewien rodzaj agam (jaszczurek) wybiera zjedzenie pewnego rodzaju pizzy (nauka o żywieniu), Amerykanie Julie Menella i Gary Beauchamp za badania nad tym, co odczuwają karmione piersią dzieci, kiedy ich matka je czosnek, czy zespół z Japonii badający, czy krowy pomalowane w zebrę mogą unikać ukąszeń much.

Pokojową nagrodę otrzymali naukowcy z Holandii, którzy dowiedli, że spożywanie alkoholu może czasem pozytywnie wpływać na zdolność posługiwania się obcym językiem. Włoscy, niemieccy, hiszpańscy i austriaccy fizycy zostali z kolei nagrodzeni za badania nad zmianami stanu materii przy gotowaniu makaronu cacio e pepe (z serem i pieprzem) i powstawaniem grudek w sosie. Nagrodę z kategorii lotnictwa przyznano międzynarodowemu zespołowi badającemu wpływ spożycia alkoholu na umiejętności lotu i echolokację nietoperzy.

Podczas ceremonii na kampusie Uniwersytetu Bostońskiego nagrody laureatom wręczali żyjący laureaci nagród Nobla z dziedzin ekonomii, medycyny, chemii i fizyki, w tym m.in. laureat z 2022, szwedzki biolog Svante Paabo, czy amerykański ekonomista Robert Merton. Ceremonia była przerywana występami muzycznymi, m.in. na temat niestrawności i wegetarianizmu, rzucaniem papierowych samolotów na scenę oraz wykładami, w których naukowcy musieli technicznie streścić swoje badania w 24 sekundy oraz wyjaśnić je potocznie za pomocą siedmiu słów.

Z Waszyngtonu Oskar Górzyński (PAP)

osk/

Page 22

Polski psycholog prof. Marcin Zajenkowski otrzymał w czwartek Ig Nobla za badanie tego, co się dzieje, jeśli osobom narcystycznym powie się, że są inteligentne. Naukowiec z Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego zdobył jedną z 10 tegorocznych nagród za badania, które śmieszą, ale też zmuszają do refleksji.

Zajenkowski, profesor psychologii z Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, otrzymał nagrodę w kategorii psychologii wraz ze współautorem pracy Gillesem Gignakiem z Uniwersytetu Zachodniej Australii. Jury nagrodziło ich za pracę pt. „Mówienie ludziom, że są inteligentni, jest skorelowane z poczuciem narcystycznej wyjątkowości”. Badania naukowców wykazały, że pochwały na temat czyjegoś IQ pozytywnie wpływają na samoocenę tej osoby dotyczącą jej inteligencji i poczucia własnej wyjątkowości, a negatywne opinie na temat czyjegoś IQ obniżają te parametry.

Przyjmując statuetkę przedstawiającą ludzki żołądek z ludzkimi twarzami (tegoroczny motyw przewodni nagród to trawienie), naukowcy przeprowadzili na widowni żartobliwy eksperyment, który miał pokazać, że mówienie ludziom, że są inteligentni, wpływa na ich współczynnik narcyzmu.

Polsko-australijski duet był jednym z dziesięciu laureatów IgNobla, organizowanego przez pismo naukowe „Annals of Improbable Research” („Annały Badań Nieprawdopodobnych”) od 1991 roku. To satyryczna nagroda dla autorów badań, które „najpierw śmieszą, a potem skłaniają do myślenia”. Obok statuetki nagrodzeni otrzymali „kartkę papieru z napisem, że wygrali” zamiast wręczanego w poprzednich edycjach banknotu 10 bilionów dolarów Zimbabwe (powodem była inflacja).

Inni nagrodzeni to m.in. Amerykanin dr William Bean (literatura) za badanie nad wzrostem długości paznokci, zespół naukowców z Francji, Nigerii i Togo za sprawdzanie, jak pewien rodzaj agam (jaszczurek) wybiera zjedzenie pewnego rodzaju pizzy (nauka o żywieniu), Amerykanie Julie Menella i Gary Beauchamp za badania nad tym, co odczuwają karmione piersią dzieci, kiedy ich matka je czosnek, czy zespół z Japonii badający, czy krowy pomalowane w zebrę mogą unikać ukąszeń much.

Pokojową nagrodę otrzymali naukowcy z Holandii, którzy dowiedli, że spożywanie alkoholu może czasem pozytywnie wpływać na zdolność posługiwania się obcym językiem. Włoscy, niemieccy, hiszpańscy i austriaccy fizycy zostali z kolei nagrodzeni za badania nad zmianami stanu materii przy gotowaniu makaronu cacio e pepe (z serem i pieprzem) i powstawaniem grudek w sosie. Nagrodę z kategorii lotnictwa przyznano międzynarodowemu zespołowi badającemu wpływ spożycia alkoholu na umiejętności lotu i echolokację nietoperzy.

Podczas ceremonii na kampusie Uniwersytetu Bostońskiego nagrody laureatom wręczali żyjący laureaci nagród Nobla z dziedzin ekonomii, medycyny, chemii i fizyki, w tym m.in. laureat z 2022, szwedzki biolog Svante Paabo, czy amerykański ekonomista Robert Merton. Ceremonia była przerywana występami muzycznymi, m.in. na temat niestrawności i wegetarianizmu, rzucaniem papierowych samolotów na scenę oraz wykładami, w których naukowcy musieli technicznie streścić swoje badania w 24 sekundy oraz wyjaśnić je potocznie za pomocą siedmiu słów.

Z Waszyngtonu Oskar Górzyński (PAP)

osk/

Page 23

Polski psycholog prof. Marcin Zajenkowski otrzymał w czwartek Ig Nobla za badanie tego, co się dzieje, jeśli osobom narcystycznym powie się, że są inteligentne. Naukowiec z Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego zdobył jedną z 10 tegorocznych nagród za badania, które śmieszą, ale też zmuszają do refleksji.

Zajenkowski, profesor psychologii z Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, otrzymał nagrodę w kategorii psychologii wraz ze współautorem pracy Gillesem Gignakiem z Uniwersytetu Zachodniej Australii. Jury nagrodziło ich za pracę pt. „Mówienie ludziom, że są inteligentni, jest skorelowane z poczuciem narcystycznej wyjątkowości”. Badania naukowców wykazały, że pochwały na temat czyjegoś IQ pozytywnie wpływają na samoocenę tej osoby dotyczącą jej inteligencji i poczucia własnej wyjątkowości, a negatywne opinie na temat czyjegoś IQ obniżają te parametry.

Przyjmując statuetkę przedstawiającą ludzki żołądek z ludzkimi twarzami (tegoroczny motyw przewodni nagród to trawienie), naukowcy przeprowadzili na widowni żartobliwy eksperyment, który miał pokazać, że mówienie ludziom, że są inteligentni, wpływa na ich współczynnik narcyzmu.

Polsko-australijski duet był jednym z dziesięciu laureatów IgNobla, organizowanego przez pismo naukowe „Annals of Improbable Research” („Annały Badań Nieprawdopodobnych”) od 1991 roku. To satyryczna nagroda dla autorów badań, które „najpierw śmieszą, a potem skłaniają do myślenia”. Obok statuetki nagrodzeni otrzymali „kartkę papieru z napisem, że wygrali” zamiast wręczanego w poprzednich edycjach banknotu 10 bilionów dolarów Zimbabwe (powodem była inflacja).

Inni nagrodzeni to m.in. Amerykanin dr William Bean (literatura) za badanie nad wzrostem długości paznokci, zespół naukowców z Francji, Nigerii i Togo za sprawdzanie, jak pewien rodzaj agam (jaszczurek) wybiera zjedzenie pewnego rodzaju pizzy (nauka o żywieniu), Amerykanie Julie Menella i Gary Beauchamp za badania nad tym, co odczuwają karmione piersią dzieci, kiedy ich matka je czosnek, czy zespół z Japonii badający, czy krowy pomalowane w zebrę mogą unikać ukąszeń much.

Pokojową nagrodę otrzymali naukowcy z Holandii, którzy dowiedli, że spożywanie alkoholu może czasem pozytywnie wpływać na zdolność posługiwania się obcym językiem. Włoscy, niemieccy, hiszpańscy i austriaccy fizycy zostali z kolei nagrodzeni za badania nad zmianami stanu materii przy gotowaniu makaronu cacio e pepe (z serem i pieprzem) i powstawaniem grudek w sosie. Nagrodę z kategorii lotnictwa przyznano międzynarodowemu zespołowi badającemu wpływ spożycia alkoholu na umiejętności lotu i echolokację nietoperzy.

Podczas ceremonii na kampusie Uniwersytetu Bostońskiego nagrody laureatom wręczali żyjący laureaci nagród Nobla z dziedzin ekonomii, medycyny, chemii i fizyki, w tym m.in. laureat z 2022, szwedzki biolog Svante Paabo, czy amerykański ekonomista Robert Merton. Ceremonia była przerywana występami muzycznymi, m.in. na temat niestrawności i wegetarianizmu, rzucaniem papierowych samolotów na scenę oraz wykładami, w których naukowcy musieli technicznie streścić swoje badania w 24 sekundy oraz wyjaśnić je potocznie za pomocą siedmiu słów.

Z Waszyngtonu Oskar Górzyński (PAP)

osk/

Page 24

Polski psycholog prof. Marcin Zajenkowski otrzymał w czwartek Ig Nobla za badanie tego, co się dzieje, jeśli osobom narcystycznym powie się, że są inteligentne. Naukowiec z Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego zdobył jedną z 10 tegorocznych nagród za badania, które śmieszą, ale też zmuszają do refleksji.

Zajenkowski, profesor psychologii z Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, otrzymał nagrodę w kategorii psychologii wraz ze współautorem pracy Gillesem Gignakiem z Uniwersytetu Zachodniej Australii. Jury nagrodziło ich za pracę pt. „Mówienie ludziom, że są inteligentni, jest skorelowane z poczuciem narcystycznej wyjątkowości”. Badania naukowców wykazały, że pochwały na temat czyjegoś IQ pozytywnie wpływają na samoocenę tej osoby dotyczącą jej inteligencji i poczucia własnej wyjątkowości, a negatywne opinie na temat czyjegoś IQ obniżają te parametry.

Przyjmując statuetkę przedstawiającą ludzki żołądek z ludzkimi twarzami (tegoroczny motyw przewodni nagród to trawienie), naukowcy przeprowadzili na widowni żartobliwy eksperyment, który miał pokazać, że mówienie ludziom, że są inteligentni, wpływa na ich współczynnik narcyzmu.

Polsko-australijski duet był jednym z dziesięciu laureatów IgNobla, organizowanego przez pismo naukowe „Annals of Improbable Research” („Annały Badań Nieprawdopodobnych”) od 1991 roku. To satyryczna nagroda dla autorów badań, które „najpierw śmieszą, a potem skłaniają do myślenia”. Obok statuetki nagrodzeni otrzymali „kartkę papieru z napisem, że wygrali” zamiast wręczanego w poprzednich edycjach banknotu 10 bilionów dolarów Zimbabwe (powodem była inflacja).

Inni nagrodzeni to m.in. Amerykanin dr William Bean (literatura) za badanie nad wzrostem długości paznokci, zespół naukowców z Francji, Nigerii i Togo za sprawdzanie, jak pewien rodzaj agam (jaszczurek) wybiera zjedzenie pewnego rodzaju pizzy (nauka o żywieniu), Amerykanie Julie Menella i Gary Beauchamp za badania nad tym, co odczuwają karmione piersią dzieci, kiedy ich matka je czosnek, czy zespół z Japonii badający, czy krowy pomalowane w zebrę mogą unikać ukąszeń much.

Pokojową nagrodę otrzymali naukowcy z Holandii, którzy dowiedli, że spożywanie alkoholu może czasem pozytywnie wpływać na zdolność posługiwania się obcym językiem. Włoscy, niemieccy, hiszpańscy i austriaccy fizycy zostali z kolei nagrodzeni za badania nad zmianami stanu materii przy gotowaniu makaronu cacio e pepe (z serem i pieprzem) i powstawaniem grudek w sosie. Nagrodę z kategorii lotnictwa przyznano międzynarodowemu zespołowi badającemu wpływ spożycia alkoholu na umiejętności lotu i echolokację nietoperzy.

Podczas ceremonii na kampusie Uniwersytetu Bostońskiego nagrody laureatom wręczali żyjący laureaci nagród Nobla z dziedzin ekonomii, medycyny, chemii i fizyki, w tym m.in. laureat z 2022, szwedzki biolog Svante Paabo, czy amerykański ekonomista Robert Merton. Ceremonia była przerywana występami muzycznymi, m.in. na temat niestrawności i wegetarianizmu, rzucaniem papierowych samolotów na scenę oraz wykładami, w których naukowcy musieli technicznie streścić swoje badania w 24 sekundy oraz wyjaśnić je potocznie za pomocą siedmiu słów.

Z Waszyngtonu Oskar Górzyński (PAP)

osk/

Page 25

Polski psycholog prof. Marcin Zajenkowski otrzymał w czwartek Ig Nobla za badanie tego, co się dzieje, jeśli osobom narcystycznym powie się, że są inteligentne. Naukowiec z Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego zdobył jedną z 10 tegorocznych nagród za badania, które śmieszą, ale też zmuszają do refleksji.

Zajenkowski, profesor psychologii z Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, otrzymał nagrodę w kategorii psychologii wraz ze współautorem pracy Gillesem Gignakiem z Uniwersytetu Zachodniej Australii. Jury nagrodziło ich za pracę pt. „Mówienie ludziom, że są inteligentni, jest skorelowane z poczuciem narcystycznej wyjątkowości”. Badania naukowców wykazały, że pochwały na temat czyjegoś IQ pozytywnie wpływają na samoocenę tej osoby dotyczącą jej inteligencji i poczucia własnej wyjątkowości, a negatywne opinie na temat czyjegoś IQ obniżają te parametry.

Przyjmując statuetkę przedstawiającą ludzki żołądek z ludzkimi twarzami (tegoroczny motyw przewodni nagród to trawienie), naukowcy przeprowadzili na widowni żartobliwy eksperyment, który miał pokazać, że mówienie ludziom, że są inteligentni, wpływa na ich współczynnik narcyzmu.

Polsko-australijski duet był jednym z dziesięciu laureatów IgNobla, organizowanego przez pismo naukowe „Annals of Improbable Research” („Annały Badań Nieprawdopodobnych”) od 1991 roku. To satyryczna nagroda dla autorów badań, które „najpierw śmieszą, a potem skłaniają do myślenia”. Obok statuetki nagrodzeni otrzymali „kartkę papieru z napisem, że wygrali” zamiast wręczanego w poprzednich edycjach banknotu 10 bilionów dolarów Zimbabwe (powodem była inflacja).

Inni nagrodzeni to m.in. Amerykanin dr William Bean (literatura) za badanie nad wzrostem długości paznokci, zespół naukowców z Francji, Nigerii i Togo za sprawdzanie, jak pewien rodzaj agam (jaszczurek) wybiera zjedzenie pewnego rodzaju pizzy (nauka o żywieniu), Amerykanie Julie Menella i Gary Beauchamp za badania nad tym, co odczuwają karmione piersią dzieci, kiedy ich matka je czosnek, czy zespół z Japonii badający, czy krowy pomalowane w zebrę mogą unikać ukąszeń much.

Pokojową nagrodę otrzymali naukowcy z Holandii, którzy dowiedli, że spożywanie alkoholu może czasem pozytywnie wpływać na zdolność posługiwania się obcym językiem. Włoscy, niemieccy, hiszpańscy i austriaccy fizycy zostali z kolei nagrodzeni za badania nad zmianami stanu materii przy gotowaniu makaronu cacio e pepe (z serem i pieprzem) i powstawaniem grudek w sosie. Nagrodę z kategorii lotnictwa przyznano międzynarodowemu zespołowi badającemu wpływ spożycia alkoholu na umiejętności lotu i echolokację nietoperzy.

Podczas ceremonii na kampusie Uniwersytetu Bostońskiego nagrody laureatom wręczali żyjący laureaci nagród Nobla z dziedzin ekonomii, medycyny, chemii i fizyki, w tym m.in. laureat z 2022, szwedzki biolog Svante Paabo, czy amerykański ekonomista Robert Merton. Ceremonia była przerywana występami muzycznymi, m.in. na temat niestrawności i wegetarianizmu, rzucaniem papierowych samolotów na scenę oraz wykładami, w których naukowcy musieli technicznie streścić swoje badania w 24 sekundy oraz wyjaśnić je potocznie za pomocą siedmiu słów.

Z Waszyngtonu Oskar Górzyński (PAP)

osk/

Page 26

Polski psycholog prof. Marcin Zajenkowski otrzymał w czwartek Ig Nobla za badanie tego, co się dzieje, jeśli osobom narcystycznym powie się, że są inteligentne. Naukowiec z Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego zdobył jedną z 10 tegorocznych nagród za badania, które śmieszą, ale też zmuszają do refleksji.

Zajenkowski, profesor psychologii z Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, otrzymał nagrodę w kategorii psychologii wraz ze współautorem pracy Gillesem Gignakiem z Uniwersytetu Zachodniej Australii. Jury nagrodziło ich za pracę pt. „Mówienie ludziom, że są inteligentni, jest skorelowane z poczuciem narcystycznej wyjątkowości”. Badania naukowców wykazały, że pochwały na temat czyjegoś IQ pozytywnie wpływają na samoocenę tej osoby dotyczącą jej inteligencji i poczucia własnej wyjątkowości, a negatywne opinie na temat czyjegoś IQ obniżają te parametry.

Przyjmując statuetkę przedstawiającą ludzki żołądek z ludzkimi twarzami (tegoroczny motyw przewodni nagród to trawienie), naukowcy przeprowadzili na widowni żartobliwy eksperyment, który miał pokazać, że mówienie ludziom, że są inteligentni, wpływa na ich współczynnik narcyzmu.

Polsko-australijski duet był jednym z dziesięciu laureatów IgNobla, organizowanego przez pismo naukowe „Annals of Improbable Research” („Annały Badań Nieprawdopodobnych”) od 1991 roku. To satyryczna nagroda dla autorów badań, które „najpierw śmieszą, a potem skłaniają do myślenia”. Obok statuetki nagrodzeni otrzymali „kartkę papieru z napisem, że wygrali” zamiast wręczanego w poprzednich edycjach banknotu 10 bilionów dolarów Zimbabwe (powodem była inflacja).

Inni nagrodzeni to m.in. Amerykanin dr William Bean (literatura) za badanie nad wzrostem długości paznokci, zespół naukowców z Francji, Nigerii i Togo za sprawdzanie, jak pewien rodzaj agam (jaszczurek) wybiera zjedzenie pewnego rodzaju pizzy (nauka o żywieniu), Amerykanie Julie Menella i Gary Beauchamp za badania nad tym, co odczuwają karmione piersią dzieci, kiedy ich matka je czosnek, czy zespół z Japonii badający, czy krowy pomalowane w zebrę mogą unikać ukąszeń much.

Pokojową nagrodę otrzymali naukowcy z Holandii, którzy dowiedli, że spożywanie alkoholu może czasem pozytywnie wpływać na zdolność posługiwania się obcym językiem. Włoscy, niemieccy, hiszpańscy i austriaccy fizycy zostali z kolei nagrodzeni za badania nad zmianami stanu materii przy gotowaniu makaronu cacio e pepe (z serem i pieprzem) i powstawaniem grudek w sosie. Nagrodę z kategorii lotnictwa przyznano międzynarodowemu zespołowi badającemu wpływ spożycia alkoholu na umiejętności lotu i echolokację nietoperzy.

Podczas ceremonii na kampusie Uniwersytetu Bostońskiego nagrody laureatom wręczali żyjący laureaci nagród Nobla z dziedzin ekonomii, medycyny, chemii i fizyki, w tym m.in. laureat z 2022, szwedzki biolog Svante Paabo, czy amerykański ekonomista Robert Merton. Ceremonia była przerywana występami muzycznymi, m.in. na temat niestrawności i wegetarianizmu, rzucaniem papierowych samolotów na scenę oraz wykładami, w których naukowcy musieli technicznie streścić swoje badania w 24 sekundy oraz wyjaśnić je potocznie za pomocą siedmiu słów.

Z Waszyngtonu Oskar Górzyński (PAP)

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